Appendix D. Strategic Air Attack on the Powder and Explosives Industries

Table D1

Capacities in Powder and Explosives Industries

Capacities Actually Reached

Figures extrapolated from actual production figures and planning figures.

Metric Tons per Month

	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945
Powders	1,000	2,000	3,000	4,000	5,000	6,500	9,000	11,000	15,000	18,000	25,000	28,000
Explosives	2,000	3,000	4,000	4,500	5,500	8,000	12,000	16,000	20,000	24,000	27,000	34,000
Extenders	4,000	4,000	4,000	5,000	8,000	12,000	15,000	17,000	22,000	30,000	35,000	43,000
Nitric acid (Hoko)	10,000	12,000	14,000	16,000	20,000	26,000	33,000	35,000	46,000	54,000	65,000	70,000

Table D2

Plants for Production of Powder

Capacity Metric tons per month

			Dec. 1939		Sept. 1944
Nr.	Plant and Locatioon	Name of Firm	Reached	Planned*	Reached	Planned*
1	Reinsdorf (Wittenberg-Elbe R.)	Wasag	1,470	1,470	1,600	1,560
2	Bomlitz/Walsrode (Hannover)	Wolff a. Co	1,070	1,620	2,290	2,290
3	Moschwig (Magdeburg)	Wasag	730	730	775	775
4	Klietz	Wasag	1,100	1,100	1,900	1,900
5	Dueneberg (Hamburg)	DAG	1,100	1,850	3,000	3,000
6	Torgelow (Stettin)	Wasag	1,000	1,000	1,830	1,830
7	Rottwell (Stuttgart)	DAG	230	230	330	330
8	Hasloch (Main-River)	Misc. firms	70	70	90	90
9	Hohensaaten (Brandenburg)	Wasag		1,080	600	600
10	Kraiburg	Wasag	70	1,220	1,640	1,640
11	Forst (Frankfurt-Oder)	Wasag		1,225	1,560	1,560
12	Dreetz	Wasag		1,225	1,100	1,100
13	Liebenau (Hannover)	Wolff a. Co		2,000	1,590	1,590
14	Doerverden (Hannover)	Wolff a. Co		875	600	950
15	Ebenhausen (Munich)	DAG		470	500	950
16	Bromberg (Posen)	DAG		1,500	1,470	2,320
17	Kaufbeuren (Munich)	DAG		570	350	500
18	Ettringen (Lake Konstanz)	DAG		400
19	Oderberg (Frankfort-Oder)	Wasag			1,460	1,460
20	Semtin (Prague)	Explosia-Prague			690	690
21	Blumau (Austria)	DAG			160	160
22	Christianstadt (Frankfort-Oder)	DAG				650
23	Ueckermuende (Stettin)	DAG				250
		Total	6,840	18,635	23,535	26,195
* means the final capacity in Dec. 1939 or Sept. 1944, mostly to be reached years later
Wasag - Westfaelisch-Anhaltische Sprenstoff AG			and subsidiary companies
DAG - Dynamit-AG verm. Alfred Nobel			and subsidiary companies

Table D3

Plants for the Production of Explosives

Capacity Metric tons per month

			Dec. 1939		Sept. 1944
Nr.	Plant and Locatioon	Name of Firm	Reached	Planned*	Reached	Planned*
1	Krümmel (Hamburg)	DAG	1,288	1,850	2,800	2,950
2	Clausthal (Hartz-Mountains)	DAG	1,100	1,600	2,800	2,800
3	Hessisch-Lichtenau (Kassel)	DAG	1,250	1,750	3,500	3,895
4	Dömitz (Lüneburg)	DAG	1,025	1,025	1,200	1,325
5	Schlebusch (Cologne)	DAG	800	800	2,300	2,600
6	Elsnig (Wittenberg-Elbe R.)	Wasag	1,215	1,315	2,600	4,225
7	Schoenebeck (Magdeburg)	Lignose	650	650	400	900
8	Ludwigshafen (Rhine)	IG Farben	15	120	100	100
9	Semtin (Prague)	Explosia-Prague	225	175	400	800
10	Rottwell (Stuttgart)	DAG	15	15
11	Bobingen (Augsburg)	DAG	100	500	300	400
12	Reinsdorf (Wittenberg-Elbe R.)	Wasag	100	225	350	350
13	Troisdorf (Cologne)	DAG	35	35	80	125
14	Wolfen (Eitterfeld)	IG Farben	35	35
15	Allendorf (Marburg)	DAG		3,550	5,000	6,500
16	Malchow (Mecklenburg)	DAG		550	600	600
17	Wolfsratshausen (Munich)	DAG		550	600	750
18	Doberitz (Berlin)	DAG		500	600	600
19	Cüsen (Brandenburg)	DAG		900	1,300	1,300
20	Bromberg (Posen)	DAG		3,200	1,200	1,200
21	Christianstadt (Frankfort-Oder)	DAG		1,000	1,700	2,700
22	Grünberg and other projects without definite location			3,700
23	Ueckermuende (Stettin)	DAG		125
24	Draghan (Hamburg)	DAG			1,100	1,100
25	Herrenwald (Marburg)	Wasag			400	400
	Total		7,853	24,170	29,330	35,620
* means the final capacity in Dec. 1939 or Sept. 1944, mostly to be reached years later
Wasag - Westfaelisch-Anhaltische Sprenstoff AG
DAG - Dynamit-AG Vorm. Alfred Nobel

Table D4

Plants for Production of Extenders for Explosives

Capacity Metric tons per month

			Dec. 1939		Sept. 1944
Nr.	Plant and Locatioon	Name of Firm	Reached	Planned*	Reached	Planned*
A - Ammonium Nitrate
1	Wolfen (Bitterfeld)	I.G. Farben	10,000	10,000	12,000	12,000
2	Piesteritz (Wittenberg-Elbe R)	Bayer Sticket W.		8,000	7,000	7,000
3	Leuna (Halle)	I.G. Farben		5,000	4,000	4,000
4	Hibernia (Ruhr)	Hibernia AG		1,800	1,000	2,000
5	Holten (Ruhr)	Ruhrchemie AG		2,000	2,500	3,300
6	Konigshutte (Upper Silesia)	Oberschles. Stickstoffwerke AG		1,000	1,500	1,500
7	Cologne-Kalk	Chem. Fabr. Kalk	750	1,500	2,000	2,000
8	Linz (Austria)	Stickstoffw. Ostmark		3,200		2,500
		Total	10,750	32,500	30,000	34,300
B - Dinitrobenzol
9	Höchst (Frankfort-Main)	I.G. Farben		550	650	650
10	Leverkusen (Cologne)	I.G. Farben		1,050	700	700
11	Wolfen (Bitterfeld)	I.G. Farben		650	400	500
12	Bromberg (Posen)	DAG		2,000	450	450
13	Griesheim (Frankfort)	I.G. Farben		850	850	1,150
14	Offenbach-Mainkur	I.G. Farben		1,000
		Total		6,100	3,050	3,450
C - M.A.N. - Salt plus tetrasalt plus myrol **
15	Christianstadt (Frankfort-Oder)	DAG			1,000	5,000
		Grand Total	10,750	38,600	34,050	42,750
* means the final capacity in Dec. 1939 or Sept. 1944, mostly to be reached years later
** means monomethyl amine nitrate plus tetramethyl ammonium nitrate plus methyl nitrate. If extenders named under A plus B plus C lacked, then dilutents such as sodium chloride were used in lots up to 10,000 tons/mo. NaCl

Table D5

Plants for Production of Highly-Concentrated Nitric Acid (Hokosaure)

Capacity Metric tons per month

			Dec. 1939		Sept. 1944
Nr.	Plant and Locatioon	Name of Firm	Reached	Planned*	Reached	Planned*
1	Oppau (Ludwigshafen-Main)	I.G. Farben	2,500	3,500	3,600	6,700
2	Höchst (Main)	I.G. Farben	8,500	8,500	10,000	12,700
3	Wolfen (Bitterfeld)	I.G. Farben	3,800	7,500	9,750	13,650
4	Leuna (Merseburg)	I.G. Farben	600	3,800	3,300	3,300
5	Piesteritz (Wittenberg-Elbe R)	Bayer. Stickstoffwerke	2,500	4,000	5,250	5,850
6	Sondershausen (Erfurt-Thuringia)	Wifo (Kalichemie)	2,500	2,500	2,500	2,500
7	Doberitz (Berlin)	Wifo (I.G. Farben)	2,500	5,000	5,000	5,000
8	Mosice (Poland)	Oberschlesische Stickstoffwerke	2,000	2,000
9	Melbeck-Embsen (Lüneburg)	Wifo (I.G. Farben)	5,000	5,000	5,000	8,500
10	Langelsheim (Harz Mountains)	Wifo (I.G. Farben)		5,000	4,800	4,800
11	Konigshutte (Kattowice-Silesia)	Oberschlesische Stickstoffwerke		2,500	2,500	2,500
12	Igling (Bavaria)	Wifo (I.G. Farben)		5,000
13	Linz (Austria)	Wifo (Stickstoffwerke Ostmark)		3,500	5,000	5,000
14	Heydebreck (Upper Silesia)	Wifo (I.G. Farben)		6,500		10,000
15	Christianstadt (Frankfort-Oder)	Dynamit A. G.			5,750	9,400
16	Rhina (Basel)	Elektro-Nitrum AG			50	50
17	Aussig (Prague)	Chem. Werke Prag			50	50
18	Holten (Essen)	Ruhrchemie AG				2,500
		Total	29,900	64,300	62,550	92,500
* means the final capacity in Dec. 1939 or Sept. 1944, mostly to be reached years later

Table D6

Plants for Production of Raw Materials for Powders and Explosives

Capacity Metric tons per month

		Dec. 1939		Sept. 1944
Plant and Locatioon	Name of Firm	Reached	Planned*	Reached	Planned*
Tolulene
from coal at Ruhr, Saar, and Silesia		3,200	4,300	8,200	8,500
Waldenburg (Silesia)	I.G. Farben		3,000	4,000	5,000
Holten (Essen)	Ruhrchemie AG		1,300		1,200
Ludwigshafen (Rhine)	I.G. Farben				800
Poelitz (Stettin)	Hydrierw. Poelitz		1,000
	Total	3,200	9,600	12,200	15,500
Diglycol
Wolfen (Bitterfeld)	I.G. Farben	500	500	500	750
Schkopau (near Halle)	Bunaw Schokpau		600	700	900
Gendorf (Munich)	Anorgana GmbH			1,000	1,400
Ludwigshafen (Rhine)	I.G. Farben	200	200	450	950
Huels (near Recklingshausen-Ruhr)	Chem. W. Huels		1,250	1,100	1,100
Auschwitz (Upper Silesia)	I.G. Farben				1,350
Trostberg/Hart (near Salzburg)	Südd Kalkstickstoffwerke		600
	Total	700	3,150	3,750	6,450
Hexamethylenetramine
Christianstadt (Frankfort-Oder)	DAG			2,100	3,600
Doberitz (Berlin)	DAG			600	600
Elberfeld (Wuppertal)	I.G. Farben			750	750
Fuerstenberg (Frankfort-Oder)	Degussa			750	1,500
Wildau (near Berlin)	Degussa			400	400
Schwarza (Thuringia)	Thuer. Zellwolle AG			45	45
	Total			4,645	6,895
Pentaerythritol
Ludwigshafen (Rhine)	I.G. Farben	Start of plant locations and capacities not yet fixed		300	360
Niederlehne (near Berlin)	Degussa			270	320
Schrobenhausen (near Augsburg)	Degussa			200	200
Welden (near Augsburg)	Degussa			185	200
Wildau (near Berlin)	Degussa			70	70
Lippoldsberg (Detmold-Weser)	Degussa				300
	Total			1,025	1,450
Guanidine
Piesteritz (Wittenberg-Elbe River)	Bayer. Stickstoffwerke		50-1,500	1,000	2,100
Leverkusen (Cologne)	I.G. Farben			450	450
	Total		50-1,500	1,450	2,550
* means the final capacity in Dec. 1939 or Sept. 1944, mostly to be reached years later

Table D7

German Monthly Production of Powders and Exploders (Including Extenders) and Consumption by German Armed Forces

(Metric Tons)

	Powders						Explosives
Year and Month	Production	Consumption				Stocks	Production	Consumption				Stocks
1940	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks
Jan	4,300				100		6,500				500
Feb	4,800				100		6,600				400
Mar	5,300				200		9,000				500
Apr	5,600				500		12,800				1,700
May	6,400				4,100		16,200				15,200
Jun	7,500				5,600		18,800				15,000
Jul	7,600				1,700		22,900				2,500
Aug	7,500				2,100		16,000				4,400
Sep	6,400				3,500		15,300				9,200
Oct	6,500				3,000		15,300				9,500
Nov	6,800				3,400		15,700				6,900
Dec	6,100				1,500		13,400				4,600
Total	74,800				25,800	49,000	168,500				70,400	98,100
1941
Jan	7,000				1,900		14,300				3,200
Feb	7,100				1,200		16,500				3,600
Mar	7,900				2,000		19,200				5,500
Apr	8,000				2,300		18,800				8,100
May	9,500				3,000		19,300				8,500
Jun	9,500				3,700		19,400				14,200
Jul	9,600				7,900		20,153	7,890	1,370	17,100	23,360
Aug	9,000				7,800		20,949	9,036	362	15,130	24,528
Sep	11,000				7,700		18,300				22,800
Oct	11,600				6,400		20,000				17,700
Nov	11,800				5,000		21,728	6,104	309	8,812	15,225
Dec	9,300				4,500		21,823	6,664	424	8,349	15,437
Total	111,300				53,400	57,900	230,453				162,150	68,303
Cumulative Totals 1940-1941						106,900						166,403
	Powders						Explosives
Year and Month	Production	Consumption				Stocks	Production	Consumption				Stocks
1942	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks
Jan	9,812	2,941	443	1,362	4,746		18,972	6,587	815	4,707	12,109
Feb	9,417	3,735	379	1,104	5,218		18,197	7,762	788	5,893	14,443
Mar	10,765				7,900		25,438				20,900
Apr	10,722	4,600	305	2,692	7,597		25,702	6,713	1,002	9,798	17,513
May	11,017	3,400	1,095	1,188	5,683		28,685	5,788	2,321	12,462	20,571
Jun	12,698	6,478	346	2,803	9,627		28,487	9,790	1,528	19,318	30,636
Jul	13,019	4,580	573	2,497	7,650		23,547	7,027	2,022	17,232	26,281
Aug	12,583				9,200		23,299				28,500
Sep	12,974	6,900	366	3,090	10,356		23,105	11,251	1,190	17,918	30,359
Oct	13,985	5,258	271	2,297	7,826		23,917	8,922	1,216	11,971	22,109
Nov	15,869	4,134	304	2,131	6,569		26,420	6,710	1,056	7,798	15,564
Dec	15,009	6,265	223	1,727	8,215		25,014	9,919	909	6,637	17,465
Total	147,870				90,587	57,283	290,783				256,450	34,333
Cumulative Totals 1940-1942						164,183						200,736
1943
Jan	16,700	6,484	382	2,440	9,306		31,400	12,440	887	9,338	22,665
Feb	19,500				11,500		30,100				24,200
Mar	18,300	7,394	463	3,931	11,788		35,900	12,579	1,595	11,978	26,152
Apr	18,900	4,493	306	4,658	9,457		30,000	7,935	2,364	16,848	27,147
May	20,300	5,874	197	5,026	11,097		33,900	9,539	2,568	9,412	21,519
Jun	19,800	4,588	327	4,632	9,547		35,400	9,304	3,417	6,560	19,281
Jul	20,600	12,412	560	4,212	17,184		34,400	19,675	1,921	19,092	40,688
Aug	19,900	13,233	729	6,326	20,278		33,700	20,985	2,459	25,339	48,783
Sep	20,000						34,400
Oct	20,500						37,200
Nov	22,100						38,200
Dec	21,600						35,800
Total	238,200						410,400
Total 8 months					100,157						230,435
Calculated Total 12 months					150,000	88,200					380,000	30,400
Cumulative Totals 1940-1943						252,383						231,136
	Powders						Explosives
Year and Month	Production	Consumption				Stocks	Production	Consumption				Stocks
1944	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks	Production	Army	Navy	Air	Total	Stocks
Jan	21,700						38,500
Feb	21,600						43,600
Mar	24,700						48,600
Apr	22,500	9,100	400	5,600	15,100		46,000	21,300	1,700	11,800	34,800
May	24,700	7,400	1,300	5,300	14,100		49,600	19,200	1,900	10,100	31,200
Jun	22,500	13,700	1,200	5,000	19,900		51,000	28,900	3,100	6,800	38,800
Jul	21,100	21,200	1,100	8,000	30,300		49,300	35,800	1,900	21,700	59,400
Aug	22,400	17,700	8,900	8,900	35,500		33,600	34,300	5,200	31,300	70,800
Sep	22,100	18,500	5,300	11,500	35,300		32,300	34,300	5,200	31,500	71,000
Oct	20,600	15,991	1,778	17,858	35,627		35,900	29,117	4,646	38,312	72,075
Nov	17,300						35,200
Dec	16,600	13,833	819	5,002	19,654		31,300	24,726	2,333	11,604	38,123
Total	257,800						494,900	includes inert extenders
Total 8 months					205,481						416,198
Calculated Total 12 months					307,100	-49,100					624,000	-129,100
Cumulative Totals 1940-1944						203,083						102,036

Summary
1940	74,800				25,800	49,000	168,500				70,400	98,100
1941	111,300				53,400	106,900	230,453				162,150	166,403
1942	147,870				90,587	164,183	290,783				256,450	200,736
1943	238,200				150,000	252,383	410,400				380,000	231,136
1944	257,800				307,100	203,083	494,900				624,000	102,036

Table D8

German Monthly Production of High Explosives & Powder by Type

(Thousands of Metric Tons)

		Explosives							Powders
	Period	Trinitrotolulene	Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate	Hexogen	Picric Acid	Hexanitrodiphenlyamine	Total	Nitrocellulose for powders	Nitrocellulose	Solventless powder	Black, etc.	Total
1939	Av/Mo	5.59	0.125	0.09	0.125	0.17	6.1					4.4
1940	Av/Mo	7.25	0.292	0.292	0.175	0.25	8.3					6.25
1941	Av/Mo	10.56	0.407	0.417	0.25	0.33	12.0					9.35
1942	Av/Mo	11	0.605	1	0.383	0.42	13.4					12.3
1943	Jan	14.2	0.5	1.9	0.3		17.3	10.1	2.1	13.9	0.7	16.7
	Feb	14.3	0.6	2.4	0.3		18.0	12.6	3.2	15.7	0.6	19.5
	Mar	16.9	0.8	2.4	0.3		20.8	13.5	2.3	15.4	0.6	18.3
	Apr	15.3	0.8	2.1	0.3		18.9	13.2	2.4	16.1	0.4	18.9
	May	16.8	1	2.4	0.3		20.9	14.2	2.4	17.5	0.4	20.3
	Jun	17	0.8	2.5	0.3		21.0	13.7	2.5	17	0.3	19.8
	Jul	16.2	0.8	2.6	0.4		20.4	14.1	2.5	17.8	0.3	20.6
	Aug	15.5	0.8	2.4	0.3		19.4	13.9	2.5	17	0.4	19.9
	Sep	15.9	0.9	2.3	0.3		19.8	13.8	2.4	17.1	0.5	20
	Oct	17.1	0.9	2.5	0.3		21.2	13.8	2.7	17.5	0.3	20.5
	Nov	18	1	2.7	0.3		22.4	14.8	3.4	18.3	0.4	22.1
	Dec	17	0.7	2.5	0.3		20.9	14.1	3.4	17.9	0.3	21.6
1943	Av/Mo	16.18	0.80	2.39	0.31	0.42	20.1	13.48	2.65	16.77	0.43	19.85
1944	Jan	17.7	1	2.9	0.3		22.3	15.7	3.1	18.4	0.2	21.7
	Feb	18.4	1	3.3	0.4		23.5	15.4	3.3	18	0.3	21.6
	Mar	20.8	0.9	3.6	0.4		26.1	16.3	4.1	20.3	0.3	24.7
	Apr	20.6	0.8	2.7	0.4		24.9	15.6	3.8	18.5	0.2	22.5
	May	22.3	1	2.1	0.4		26.2	16.8	3.8	20.7	0.2	24.7
	Jun	21.5	1	2.7	0.4		26.0	15	3	19.3	0.2	22.5
	Jul	20.4	0.9	2.5	0.4		24.6	14	3.1	17.8	0.2	21.1
	Aug	16.4	0.9	2.3	0.4		20.4	14.2	3.4	18.7	0.3	22.4
	Sep	12.1	0.6	2.1	0.3		15.5	13.6	3.2	18.5	0.4	22.1
	Oct	11.4	1.2	2.1	0.2		15.3	12.3	3.5	16.7	0.4	20.6
	Nov	12.6	0.9	1.4	0.3		15.6	11.3	3.2	13.5	0.5	17.2
	Dec	13.1	0.8	1.3	0.2		15.8	11.6	2.9	13.1	0.6	16.6
1944	Av/Mo	17.28	0.92	2.42	0.34	0.375	21.3	14.32	3.37	17.79	0.30	21.48
1945	Jan	10.2	0.6	0.7	0.3		11.8	9.1	3.1	12.6	0.5	16.2
	Feb	7.6	0.6	0.2	0.2		8.6	5.4	2.6	8	0.4	11

I do not understand how or why the Nitrocellulose for Powders column differs from the Nitrocellulose in the Powders portion of the table.

		Planned			Actual Total
		From Ammonia	Imports and Recovered Acid	Total	Actual Total
1943	July				69,800
	August				65,300
	September				63,300
	October	65,500	16,500	82,000	69,900
	November				69,700
	December				75,900
1944	January				76,000
	February				75,500
	March				82,200
	April				76,500
	May				71,700
	June	55,700	15,900	71,600	71,100
	July	61,600	15,800	77,400	67,400
	August	61,200	16,600	77,800	62,000
	September	63,900	16,800	80,700	60,000
	October	66,000	16,800	82,800	59,100
	November	66,400	16,800	83,200	4,600
	December	66,600	16,800	83,400	50,000
1945	January	66,700	17,700	84,400	25,900
	February	61,800	16,300	78,100	11,000

		Production	Military Use	Industrial Use
1938	I	15,900	10,900	5,000
	II	13,000	8,000	5,000
	III	15,500	10,500	5,000
	IV	17,000	12,000	5,000
1939	I	17,600	12,600	5,000
	II	19,600	14,600	5,000
	III	18,100	13,100	5,000
	IV	23,300	18,300	5,000
1940	I	21,000	16,000	5,000
	II	24,000	19,000	5,000
	III	29,300	24,300	5,000
	IV	26,500	21,500	5,000
1941	I	28,000	23,000	5,000
	II	33,500	28,500	5,000
	III	36,500	31,500	5,000
	IV	39,300	34,300	5,000
1942	I	35,300	30,300	5,000
	II	39,300	34,300	5,000
	III	41,800	36,800	5,000
	IV	56,500	51,800	4,700
1943	I	62,000	56,650	5,350
	II	70,000	64,750	5,250
	III	66,000	61,050	4,950
	IV	72,000	66,900	5,100

Appendix D. Strategic Air Attack on the Powder and Explosives Industries

Note: